ABSTRACT
Background & Objective: Anemia is a common nutritional health problem in women’s child bearing age. Pregnant women are at higher risk particularly during 3rd trimester of pregnancy. By definition, it is decrease in number of RBCs below 4.5 million or Hb level below 11.0 gm % and hematocrit < 0.33 in pregnant women. Anemia contributes significantly to maternal mortality and morbidity and also carries a risk factor for infant iron deficiency anemia. Main causes of maternal anemia are blood loss, increased menstrual bleeding and nutritional iron & folate deficiency. Anemia can be estimated by Hb estimation and Reticulocyte count (RC), which is a quantitative measure of Bone marrow production of new RBCs, with a range of 0.5-2.5%(adults) and 2.6% in infants. Reticulocyte Index (RI) is a calculation of ratio b/w level of anemia in response to which, RC has risen. Objective is to study pattern of reticulocyte count in pregnant and non-pregnant women, 2) To compare Hb level in pregnant women in 3 trimesters and non-pregnant women.3) To analyze pattern of reticulocyte count and compare levels of Hb concentration in pregnant women in 3 trimesters and non- pregnant women. Methodology: A total of 100 women with age range of 18-40 yrs were examined (50 pregnant and 50 healthy non pregnant women) presenting to Obstetrical O.P.D. Blood samples from subjects were collected, tested and hematologically analyzed. Both Inclusion and Exclusion criteria strictly followed. Results & Conclusion: Hb level in pregnant women was significantly low as compared to non pregnant women, whereas Reticulocyte count was higher in pregnant women than non pregnant women. Variation of Hb concentration was seen as, high in 3rd Trimester. R C was raised in 2nd Trimester and reached peak in 3rd trimester, while it remained normal or decreased in 1st trimester. Non-pregnant women showed normal range of R C. So values of all red cell parameters in pregnant women was significantly low, as compared to age matched controls except Reticulocyte count, which was raised during pregnancy.
ABSTRACT
Abstracts: Background: Fine needle aspiration technique generally applied, involves firm attachment of the aspiration needle to a syringe usually held in a specially designed syringe holder ie franzen’s handle, that enables single handed application of suction. The main aim of suction is to hold the cells against sharp cutting edge of the needle. It is the initial screening test for patients with thyroid lesions. Objective is 1) to find out diagnostic accuracy and role of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions, and to establish cyto-histopathological correlation. 2) to find out sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, pitfalls and complications of fnac in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions. Methodology & Results: The present study was carried out on 110 patients presenting with thyroid lesions. FNA was conducted in cytology department of mmimsr mullana from July 2011 to Nov. 2013. In all cases, a thorough clinical examination including detailed history, general examination and local examination of thyroid gland was performed and findings recorded. FNA was performed in all cases without anesthesia keeping in view the clinical diagnosis. Equipments: included disposable syringe(10 ml), 2.5 cm long and 23-25 gauge disposable needles, Coplin jars , Cotton, and Clean glass slides. Chemicals and reagents included Spirit, Fixatives (alcohols) and Reagents for hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E), Giemsa stain,and papanicolaou stain etc. Conclusion: FNAC is a well developed, cost effective and frequently used method carring low morbidity. It is also widely accepted as most accurate procedure to differentiate benign and malignant thyroid nodules and helps preoperatively in selecting patients for surgery. FNAC used together with other diagnostic modalities such as thyroid scanning, ultrasonography, thyroid hormone profile and antibody level measurements enhances diagnostic accuracy of the technique.